Every month, there will be a tip, a web site posting, and a lesson, which will cover both Hieroglyphic and Coptic. In order to ensure that you pursue the curriculum as vigorously as you can, please do the assignments recommended at your own discretion.
Most importantly, share as much as you care for the upkeep of our heritage.
Even though the Egyptian language mostly survives as the liturgical language in the Coptic Church today, it is far from being a religious language. It is the language of our heritage. It is the language on the tombs, in the scrolls, on the stones, on everything truly Egyptian.
If you want to honor your true Egyptian heritage, please join the cause and help revive the language that has unfortunately been lost for centuries.
PLEASE, PLEASE, PLEASE recruit more people, every Egyptian you know.
Numbers are treated as adjectives describing a singular noun.
Meaning, the position of the number relative to the noun is interchangeable, but whichever is first must have an article and whichever follows must have a (`n) or (`m).
And the article, definite or indefinite, masculine or feminine, MUST be singular no matter the number.
pishomt `nalou - the three young men
tisheri `n`snav - the two daughters
Hieroglyphic numerals were written horizontally or vertically.
The different symbols were grouped according to their power of ten. For instance, the hundreds were followed by the tens, in turn followed by the units.
The Coptic word "niven" meaning "all," is synonymous with the word "tir-" only with a different usage. "Niven" is placed after the singular unit, while "Tir-" is placed after the collective or plural word. This is very similar to the English "every" vs. "all." FOR INSTANCE
"Hoob niven": everything
"Nihviouy tirou": all things
The two different meanings of the symbol "neb" shown as a bowl, "all" vs. "master," can be distinguished from the position of the word within the sentence. If placed as a title before the noun (or name), it signifies "master" or "lord." If placed as an adjective after the noun (objects), it signifies "all." FOR INSTANCE
"Neb Tut": Master Tut
"hro neb": Everyday
As opposed to the artistic compression of symbols, the Coptic letters are written in the standard Western orientation found in Greek-based and Latin-based scripts. It is written from left to right, each letter next to the preceding one and using capital letters where appropriate.
The letters in hieroglyphic are neither just stacked one on top of the other vertically or aligned one next the other horizontally like the Latin-based or Greek-based Western writing. The symbols are simply arranged together in whichever manner fills the entire space.
FOR INSTANCE: If a line is written horizontally, a basket (a long and narrow symbol) is followed by lips (a long and narrow symbol), the lips can be tucked under the basket.
Also if a line is written vertically and a feather (long and narrow symbol) is followed by an ankh (long and narrow symbol), the ankh is placed next to the feather.
Somewhat unlike hieroglyphic, Coptic script follows the phonetic Greek rules of writing. It is written from left to right with spacing and vowels. The Coptic alphabet consists of:
24 Greek letters
8 Hieratic/Hieroglyphic-derived letters (including the number six)
Hieroglyphic consists of over 700 characters, divided into 3 categories:
- Phonetics: Symbols that convey sounds and show directly how it is pronounced. These are further divided into:
* One-consonant
* Two-consonant
* Three-consonant
-Determinatives: Symbols that categorize the word preceding it that help describe it or distinguish it, in the case of possible similar words.
-Logographs: Symbols that carry a meaning of themselves.
Write/Read the symbols from top to bottom. The text runs from left to right or from right to left, depending on the orientation of the characters. Symbols can also be aligned horizontally OR vertically.